Electric lamp



- (No Model.) 2 Sheet-Sheet; 1. Q 0. 1). HASKINS. I

ELECTRIC LAMP. v ,No.'283,4 82. Patented Aug. 21, 1883..

a g j wuwM/ L 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

CHARLES D. HASKINS, OF NEXV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE \VES TERNELECTRIC COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

' ELECTRIC LAM P.

- SPECIFICATION forming part oi Letters Patent No. 283,482, dated August21, 1883.

Application filed January 29, 1883.

To all whom it may concern: I Be it known that I, CHARLES D. HAsKINs, ofthe city and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in ElectricLamps, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to employ but one magnet, and. by it toraise the carbon for forming the arc, feed the carbon very gradually asthe current to the carbons weakens, release the carbon-holder, so thatit may slide down to restore contact, if broken, and then immediatelyseparate the carbons by a powerful magnet and armaturelever as soon asthe current passes through the lamp, and thereby draw the electric arc;and in case the carbon breaks or the lamp fails to work an automaticswitch is brought into action to short-circuit the current between theand bindingposts and cut out the other parts of the magnet-helix; butthe moment the current is reestablished through the carbons the switchis moved and the shunt-circuit broken, so as to re-establish the lamp inits operation. All these movements are effected by one electromagnet andthe circuit connections for the same, as herein described.

In the drawings, Figure l is an elevation of the lamp mechanism, thecarbons and frame being shortened. Fig. 2 is a plan below the top plate,and Fig. 3 is a diagram of the circuit connections and helices.

The top plate, a, andbottom plate, I), are connected by columns a (notshown in Fig. 1) for greater clearness, and c is a movable case orcylinder inclosing the works. The top frame, (1, extends from the plateI) to the columns f, and the lower frame, 9, is attached to saidcolumns. The lower carbon-holder, 71, is preferably insulated from theframe 9, and the electricity passes to said holder by a-coveredinsulated wire, e, that occupies grooves in the frames and column.

C is the lower carbon, and C the upper carbon.

B is the carbon-holder, having rack-teeth on one side, and slidingthrough the top and bottom plates, a Z).

The friction-wheel D has a rim, D, as in my Patent No. 261,091, grantedJuly 11, 1882.

(No model.)

It is upon an arbor, '13, that is supported by the pointedscrew-bearings 2 and 3, entering the recessed ends of such arbor 1.These screws adjust the arbor, but cause very little friction on thesame," and said screw-bearings 2 and 3 pass through the columns a.

Upon the arbor i there 1s apinion, D, gear- "ing to the rack-teeth onthe carbon-holder B;

or a strap may take the place of the rack-teeth, as in aforesaid patent.

Upon the arbori the armaturelever A is pivoted. It has an armaturebar,A, that is in proximity to the lateral poles R R of the electro-magnet.This armature-lever is free toswing on the arbor z, and its downwardmovement is limited by contact with the adjustable limiting screw orswitch 0, there being a bracket on the plate dto hold such springswitch,and a screw to adjust the spring. Itis also'preferable to have acontactspring, 0, at the end of the armature. This spring 0 comes intocontact with the switch 0 when the mag netism ceases and thearmaturelever falls. The switch 0 is insulated, and connected, ashereinafter described, to a helix that is in a shunt to the insulatedpositive binding-post 10. The negative binding-post 12 upon a is notinsulated, and the current from the upper carbon-holder passes to thisplate. So, also, does the current passing through 0 when thearmature-spring 0 drops into contact with the spring 0.

Upon one arm of the armature-lever A is pivoted the lever L" of thefriction-clamp 8. There is a spring, a, that draws upon the longer endof the lever L which spring is adjustable by the turn-shaft and cord-l9,and there is a fixed stop, 11, extending out from the standard a. Theoperation of this part is that the spring it holds the friction-clamp sin contact with the rim D, except when the 0 longer end of the lever ispressed against the fixed stop 11, in consequence of the wheel D, rim D,armature-lever, and lever L moving together in feeding down the carbon;and it will be apparent that, as the armature moves to-the, right anddownwardly and the pinion feeds the carbon-holder B downwardly, the longend of the lever is pressed upon the fixed 'more or less.

stop, which causes said lever L to draw the clamp oft the rim and lessenits hold on the wheel I); and hence the rim of the wheel D slides overthe clamp s and the carbon and holder will be fed down by gravity, theoperation being similar to that in my aforesaid patent.

It will be apparent that when the lamp is in operation the movement ofeither the arma' ture-lever or the lever-clamp will be very small,because as the armaturelever and wheel turn to the right and feed downthe carbon the friction of the clamp is lessened by the contact of thelever L" on the stop 1.1, and the wheel 1) turns by the weight of thecarbon holder and the arc is lessened and the magnetism of the lateralpoles R R is instantly increased, and the armature is'attracted andmoved to the left to draw the electric arc to the proper distance.

The mode of winding the helices of the magnet and the directions of thecurrent will be apparent from the diagram and the following description:The current enters at 10 and divides, one portion going through thefine-wire helices I Q to the binding-post12. The other part of thecurrent passes through the coarsewire helices R S and by the wire 0through the carbon-holders and carbons and by the frame a to the post12. The helices Q S are wound upon one core of the magnet, and thehelices 1 1% are upon. the other core of the magnet. The helices It Sare of but little resistancc. Hence the larger portion of the currentgoes direct-1y through these and the carbons. The helices 1 Q are ofhigh resistance, and only a small current passes through them. Thesehelices I Q It S are wound differentially on their respective cores, sothat the magnetism set up by R S is lessened by that set up by I Q.Hence when the lamp is working in its normal condition the feed will bevery deliate, the resistances and the mechanism being so adjusted as tomaintain the proper length of arc. Thus, it"the are becomes too long theresistance thereof is increased and the mag net-ism set up by R S islessened, while that set up by 1-? Q is increased, and the armature A ismoved by the change of magnetism so as to feed the carbon; and when theare between the carbons is too small the reverse condition prevails andthe increased magnetism set up byR S moves the armature to draw thecarbons apart and increase the arc. By these operations the electric arcis regulated with great accuracy.

I provide a helix, 14, preferably of germansilver wire wound aroundoutside the helix R. I have shown the coils 16 17 of wire composing thishelix R to illustrate that the wire from the binding-post 10 passes tothe outer layer, 15, of the coils, and that the wire 18 to the coil S isconnected with the inner layer. Of course the number of those layers maybe The helix 14 is connected at one end with the outer layer, 15, of thehelix R,

and the other end is connected to the switch 0. The direction in whichthe helix 1-l is wound is preferably such that the current passing overthe same neutralizes that set up by the current in passing through thehelix 15. The consequence is that when a carbon breaks or the currentthrough the carbons is interrupted by the carbon-holder sticking in itssupports or otherwise, so that the magnet does not hold up the armature,the spring 0 falls into contact with 0 and becomes a switch thatshortcircuits the current from 10 through helices 15 and 14, and by 0 o,lever A, and plate a, to binding-post 12, thereby shunting the coils 1617 of magnet It and the whole of S; but so soon as the carbons fall intocontact or are moved by hand, or a new carbon inserted, the resistanceof the german-silvcr helix 1% is sufficient to divert a portion of thecurrent through 16 17 S c, and the carbons and the magnetism set up bythe current in 16, 17, and S moves the armature A and separates o from0, and the parts are automatically restored to their normal workingcondition. The di'lt'erential coils I Q render the feed more delicateand uniform, but these may be dis pensed with. The helix 1%, being woundso as to neutralize the magnetism set up by the current in the helix 15,prevents the magnetism from becoming sufficient to break the circuit ati 0 until after the circuit through the carbons has been reestablished.Thereby the current will not be pulsated, as it would be by the magnetism set up by the shunt-(mrrent breaking the circuit at 0.

In lmproving my lamp I have dlscovered certain features in the operationof the devices and combinations of devices that were not fully apparentto me when making my appli cation for Patent N 261,091, and as saiddevices have not been in public use more than two years I include thesame herein.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, in an electric lamp, ofcarbons and carbon-holders, an electro-magnet, armature, and mechanismfor feeding the carbons, a switch operated by the armature when thecurrent ceases to flow through the carbons, a

shunt-circuit connection passing from the plus to the minus binding-postthrough the switch and through a helix wound around and in the reversedirection to one of the helices of the electro-inagnet and joined to thesaid helix, substantially as set forth, so that when the current isinterrupted at the carbons the shuntcurrent will pass through coils thatneutralize each other and prevent magnetism or vibration of the switch,and thence by the switch to the negative binding-post; but when thecarbons again come into cont-act a portion of the current passesthroughthem and energizes the electro-magnet, and the shunt-circuit atthe switch is broken and the lamp is automatically brought into action,substantially as specified.

2. The combination, in an electric lamp, of

the carbons, carbon-holder, the friction wheel when the current ceasesto pass through the 10 and clamp, the armature-lever, theelectrocarbons, substantially as set forth.

magnet, the helices of which are in the cir- Signed by me this 26th dayof January, A. cuit to the carbons, a switch operated by the D. 1883.

, armature, a helix connected with part of the helices 0f theelectrc-magnet, and serving to CHAS HASIJL neutralize the magnetismsetup by the por- Vitnesses:

tion of the helix that is included in the shunt- I GEO. T. PINCKNEY,circuit between the and binding-posts CHAS. H. SMITH.

